Топ 10 антибиотиков широкого спектра нового поколения

The treatment of diseases caused by bacterial infections is carried out with the help of antibiotics represented by natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic forms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of a new generation, the list of which includes drugs with different chemical structures, differ in their effectiveness, duration of treatment and side effects.

Unlike narrowly targeted antibacterial agents, drugs with a broad spectrum of action are effective against many bacteria (up to 20 strains) and act on most pathogens.

The principle of operation of antibiotics is based on biological effects, in conditions where one type of organism or metabolic substances suppresses the life of another type (antibiosis), and the action is directed not at human tissue, but at the cells of pathogenic microorganisms.

Depending on the method of influence of the active substance of the drug on the cells of pathogenic microorganisms, there are two types of antibiotics:

• bactericidal - destroying bacteria by violating the synthesis of components of the microbial wall, the structure and functions of the membranes;
• bacteriostatic - inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, so that the human immune system is able to cope with the infection on its own.

Dosage forms of antimicrobial drugs also affect the overall effectiveness of treatment, for example:

• tablets - the absorbability of the product depends on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, reception is painless, the dosage is calculated, as a rule, for adults;
• syrups - make it possible to dose the agent individually, to mask the unpleasant taste, are used in childhood;
• solutions - are used in the form of injections, which is accompanied by painful sensations, is completely absorbed, quickly creates the maximum concentration in the blood;
• candles, drops, ointments - have a local effect, help avoid systemic effects on the body.

List of broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation

The review presents a new generation of antibiotics that have an antimicrobial effect on most infections and are used to treat and prevent diseases of a bacterial nature.

Suprax

Suprax is an antibiotic of a new generation of cephalosporins with the active ingredient cefixime. The tool destroys most of the bacterial species by inhibiting the synthesis of cell membranes.

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Suprax is effectively used in pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, otitis media and in diseases of the urinary system. During therapy with cephalosporins, in some cases, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dysbacteriosis may occur.

Unlike other drugs, Supraks can be used in case of kidney failure, reducing the standard dosage of the drug, and in case of hypersensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins, and under 6 months of age, the drug is contraindicated.

Bactrim>

Bactrim is an antimicrobial drug intended for systemic use.

In accordance with the instructions, Bactrim is prescribed only in cases where the expected benefit of therapy far exceeds the possible risk to the patient.

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Indications for use of the medication are infections of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract. Bactrim is also prescribed in cases of bacterial infections (brucellosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis, osteomyelitis, South American blastomycosis and toxoplasmosis).

Zithromax

To combat bacterial infections, they often use broad-spectrum antibiotics. Zithromax (Zithromax) is an effective antibacterial drug of high European quality that can cope with almost any bacterium. It belongs to the group of macrolides, which are distinguished by the lowest toxicity among all groups of antibiotics.

Zithromax acts equally effectively on bacterial diseases of the respiratory tract, purulent skin lesions and sexually transmitted infections.

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In Europe, Zithromax is produced in divisions of the American pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer: Pfizer Italia S.r.l. (Italy) and Pfizer Pharma GmbH (Germany). The company was created more than a century and a half ago and is now one of the largest in the world. She develops, manufactures and markets a variety of medical drugs and vaccines for various areas of medicine.

The creator of the active substance of the antibiotic (azithromycin) is the pharmaceutical company Pliva (Pliva), Croatia. Pfizer licensed this drug and brought it to the American and European market with the name Zitromax. In our country there is an analogue of the antibiotic - Sumamed.

Nitrofurantoin

The drug Nitrofurantoin (or Furadonin) is widely used in medical practice for the treatment of pathologies of the urinary organs.

The drug is characterized by good efficacy and tolerability. Another advantage is the low cost, which makes it possible to introduce it into the practice of a large number of medical institutions.

For these reasons, patients need to have an idea of the indications for its purpose, contraindications and side effects.

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The drug is used in inflammatory processes of the urinary tract of bacterial etiology. Nitrofurantoin is used for pathologies such as pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Also, this drug is prescribed during surgical interventions on the organs of the urinary system and various diagnostic examinations (for example, during cystoscopy).

Cipro

Among prescription bactericides, a special place is occupied by Cipro - instructions for use recommends it for anaerobic infections of soft tissues, joints, ENT organs. The main thing is that the sensitivity of bacteria to the drug was high. Cipro has a detrimental effect on their cellular proteins. Antimicrobial drug even affects bacteria in a state of rest. The drug is available in various forms, therefore it is used to treat organs from different body systems.

According to the instructions, the drug belongs to the category of fluoroquinolones and antibacterial drugs. Regarding pharmacology, he is in the group of fluoroquinolones. The function of the drug is to disrupt the structure of the DNA of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, to prevent the synthesis of the formation of protein structures. This effect is used for antibacterial treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by these pathogenic microorganisms.

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Cipro - instructions for use as a general reason for the appointment indicates the treatment of bacterial infections of the skin, pelvic organs, joints, bones, and respiratory tract, caused by microorganisms that are susceptible to medication.

Clindamycin

Clindamycin is used to treat severe infections, including skin, caused by anaerobic and gram-positive cocci. The drug is one of the most effective, especially for stubborn skin diseases. In such cases, it is important to introduce antibiotics, the side effects of which do not outweigh the benefits. Sometimes some bacterial strains are quite resistant and do not respond to conventional broad-spectrum antibiotics. Therefore, it makes sense to use clindamycin, which targets specific groups of pathogens, primarily anaerobic bacteria.

When administered orally, the antibiotic clindamycin is very quickly digested through the gastrointestinal tract. Therapeutic concentration in the blood is maintained for 8-12 hours. Metabolic degradation occurs in the liver; decomposition products are discharged through urine and feces within four days.

Tablets of clindamycin and oral solutions are used in infections of the respiratory tract, urinary systems, inflammation of the abdominal cavity, skin and soft tissues, diphtheria and scarlet fever, osteomyelitis and endocarditis. Gel and cream formulations are applicable, for example, to bacterial vaginosis. Also known form of suppositories.

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WITH INFECTED JOINTS

The drug is one of the most suitable for infected joints, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. It can be recommended in the form of tablets or capsules of 150, 300 or 600 mg or injectable form. For oral administration, the daily dose varies from 600 to 1800 mg, divided equally into 2-4 doses. The prescriber may also recommend this medicine to children, calculating daily intake according to the weight of the small patient and the exact condition. In harsh environments, initial infection control can be carried out by intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection of clindamycin.

The specialist must ensure that pathogens respond to clindamycin.

Joints may be infected with trauma or surgery. There is an inflammatory process, manifested by pain, redness and swelling, fever - locally or throughout the body. Antibiotic treatment is mandatory, and the choice of antibiotic depends on the type of pathogen. Clidandomycin is one possible solution; the drug can also be taken prophylactically to avoid such infections - for example, after surgical interventions involving bones and joints. The duration of prevention is usually 10 days. Sometimes long-term therapy is required; If clindamycin is given in one form or another for more than three weeks, this should be done with the control of liver and kidney function.

FOR EARS, NOSE AND THROAT. IN CASE OF SINUSITIS

For diseases of the ear, nose and throat, as well as acute forms of sinusitis, antibiotics can be administered in combination with analgesics. However, the choice of antibiotic should be made after examination by a specialist: in fact, he assesses whether the condition really requires antibiotic therapy. For example, when working in the middle ear, the work is quite serious; complications are possible, especially if the embarrassment has already begun. Using Clindamycin makes sense if it is a bacterial infection. Sometimes infections in these organs are a consequence of a viral disease, which is subsequently aggravated by a bacterial infection. The usual form is oral pills or capsules.

FOR TEETH, GUM AND PARADONTOSIS

Inflammation of the tooth or dental crown may also require Clindamycin; This requires the advice of a doctor. You can control the infection for only a few days, but you may need a longer treatment. According to the individual needs of the patient, treatment can combine oral dosing of tablets or capsules and switching to long-term use of a local antibiotic for inflamed gums.

AT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS. FOR BRONCHITIS

Respiratory infections are often caused by viruses and are not known to be exposed to antibiotics. At the same time, the respiratory system in a viral infection is usually at risk for the addition of bacteria due to weakened immunity. Complications in such cases are bronchitis and bronchopneumonia. The use of Clindamycin in the dose and forms appropriate to the individual patient can successfully control the infection for about ten days. Of course, this type of treatment should be recommended to a specialist, and the attending physician can monitor the response of the body with clindamycin.

INFECTIONS IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. AT PROSTATE

Infection of an organ located in the abdominal cavity or abdominal wall requiring surgical treatment. These operations are high risk; The postoperative stage is associated with the risk of developing a new infection. For this reason, the use of antibiotics is required first with intramuscular or intravenous administration after the intervention, followed by oral administration for about 10 days.

In the case of bacterial prostatitis, inflammation of the prostate gland, Clindamycin is an effective option, but a diagnosis should be made by a specialist and treated with this antibiotic to recommend it. The problem may occur as a result of infection with chlamydia, it is also a reason to focus on clindamycin.

IN GYNECOLOGY. Clamidia and staphylococci

Unfortunately, self-treatment of a gynecological problem is a common practice with unpredictable consequences. Taking an antibiotic for back pain may be unnecessary and wrong if it is caused by a hormonal disorder.

IF INFECTED SKIN. FOR LARGE, ROSATSEA

Clindamycin is a successful therapeutic agent in the treatment of skin infections - superficial and subcutaneous tissues. It also helps with cellulite, providing appropriate treatment for cleaning and renewing the subcutaneous layer affected by fluid and toxins. For problems such as acne and rosacea, purulent rashes and pustules, the doctor may recommend taking pills or capsules, and then continue treatment with local products - gel or ointment. Important Details: This is not a suitable drug for treating adolescents under the age of 14 years. The reason is the risk of negative effects on bone formation in the skeleton and teeth.

Scarlet fever is sometimes called a childhood disorder, but it is essentially painful as an experience and is at risk for complications such as sinusitis, angina, or even meningitis. The antibiotic Clindamycin is effective and bactericidal for the staphylococcal agent; typical symptoms are sore throat, rash with painful itching, fever, loss of appetite and swelling of the salivary glands.

Stromectol

Stromectol is one of the trade names of a common medicinal substance. The drug is widely used in